WEST VIRGINIA GEOLOGY SURVEY

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How to write Survey questions
Properly written questions are crucial to the success of asurvey. This article discusses how to improve the overall quality of surveyquestions. Writing quality survey questions is not as easy as peoplethink. Well-written survey questions gather the exact information you needwithout inciting biased or unclear perspectives within the question itself; a surveyquestion must maintain a neutral stance at all times. Let's analyze a potentialsurvey question: Question: Do you believe religious extremists should beprosecuted for their actions if they hurt another person while protesting? Is that a good survey question? In my opinion it is aterrible survey question. I'll explain why. When we ask questions, they are structured largely basedupon our environment - what we know and experience in life every day. This includesprejudices, pre-established perspectives, and our personal interpretation ofthe world at large. This is okay and actually makes daily communication mucheasier because the people we communicate with on a day-to-day basis more thanlikely share our immediate environment. They could be the neighbor who livesacross the street or a fellow parent at the local high school football game andmore than likely their perception of the world will be similar to ours. When weconverse with them, those shared beliefs are communicated silently within the conversation,and the conveyance of ideas and opinions are much more easily shared. To put itanother way, two wheat farmers based in the same county but who have never metcould more than likely work together side by side all day long without muchconfusion in their communication. Now imagine a sea-hardened, leather-skinned Alaskanfisherman trying to carry on a general conversation with a green New York tax attorney.That would be an interesting conversation to hear, wouldn't it? These examplesare, of course, extreme, but they convey the point I'm trying to make. Unlessyou deliberately structure your sentences in a neutral manner that does notencourage pre-conceived perceptions, you're going to have erroneous data foryour survey. Let's look at the question again: Do you believe religious extremists should be prosecuted fortheir actions if they hurt another person while protesting? 'Religious extremists' is an extremely poor description. Forme, that description brings up images of terrorists, and that is an image thatdirectly conflicts with two other words in the sentence: prosecuted andprotests. I don't associate terrorists with prosecution or legal, law-abidingaction of any sort. Nor do I associate terrorists with any sort of organizedprotest. The description of 'religious extremists' convolutes the entirequestion and, in my opinion, would confuse the person taking the survey andmost likely yield useless data.'Hurt another person while protesting'. This description isalso confusing. How did they hurt this person? Was it an accidental hot-coffeespill that burned someone's arm? Did the protester shoot someone? Or maybe the protesterassaulted an employee who was simply walking by on her way to work? 'Hurt anotherperson while protesting' is simply too vague to be within a survey question. Itshould clearly describe how the individual was hurt.Here is a much more precise survey question that could beaccurately answered by the New Yorkattorney, the Alaskan fisherman, or the wheat farmers: Do you believe a pro-life activist should be criminallyprosecuted for shooting a pregnant woman while she was attempting to visit anabortion clinic during a public protest? Although that survey question would invoke an emotionalresponse from anyone who reads it, it still maintains a neutral stance withinits description. This allows the reader to give their response based on a clear,unbiased perspective. Formulating survey questions is a much tougher task thanmost people realize. The questions must maintain a neutral stance or they will taintthe data being collected and render the survey useless. You should take greatcare when writing survey questions and have at least several stages ofproofreading before the questions are finalized.
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